QUESTION: Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?
Solomon, the son of David, is widely regarded as the author of the Book of Proverbs, as he himself introduces the book right at the beginning.
Proverbs 1:1 “The proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel: for gaining wisdom and instruction; for understanding words of insight.” (NIV)
Proverbs 1:1
“The proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel:
for gaining wisdom and instruction;
for understanding words of insight.” (NIV)
This book is believed to have been written around 900 years before Christ and is known for its rich collection of wisdom literature. It addresses moral principles, spiritual guidance, and practical advice for daily living. It also draws heavily from nature, offering insight into how God’s creation reflects His wisdom. Proverbs is part of the wisdom literature in the Bible, which also includes Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Song of Songs.
Divisions of the Book of Proverbs:
Proverbs 1–22:16: These verses are generally attributed directly to Solomon, providing a foundation of wisdom, moral teaching, and practical advice for righteous living.
Proverbs 22:17–24:34: Known as the “Third Book” of Proverbs, these chapters may have been written by other sages or wise men, but they were compiled by Solomon himself. They contain moral teachings, observations about life, and reflections on wisdom.
Proverbs 25–29: These chapters were indeed written by Solomon, but the record of these proverbs was later transcribed by the men of King Hezekiah’s court (around 700 BC). The Bible itself acknowledges this in Proverbs 25:1:
“These are more proverbs of Solomon, copied by the men of Hezekiah king of Judah.” (NIV)
Proverbs 30: This chapter, known as the “Fifth Book,” was written by Agur son of Jakeh. Agur’s proverbs are somewhat unique, addressing the mysteries of life and God’s creation.
Proverbs 31: The final chapter, traditionally attributed to King Lemuel, offers wisdom that Lemuel’s mother imparted to him. It provides a beautiful picture of the virtuous woman, known for her industriousness, wisdom, and reverence for God.
Some scholars argue that Agur and Lemuel might be alternate names for Solomon, which would mean that the majority of the wisdom in the book can be traced back to him. Nonetheless, the book also acknowledges the contributions of other wise individuals.
The Book of Proverbs, as a whole, is seen as a divine instruction manual, guiding God’s people to live righteous, wise, and peaceful lives. This wisdom, often referred to as God’s wisdom, is meant to shape not only moral character but also practical living and understanding of the world.
For a deeper theological exploration of this book, visit this link >> BIBLICAL BOOKS: Part 11 (Proverbs, Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes)
Theological Insights from Proverbs:
Proverbs 21:17: “He who loves pleasure will become poor; whoever loves wine and olive oil will never be rich.” (NIV)
Proverbs 21:17:
“He who loves pleasure will become poor;
whoever loves wine and olive oil will never be rich.” (NIV)
This proverb teaches the importance of self-control and the dangers of excessive indulgence. The Bible often warns against the pursuit of pleasure at the expense of wisdom and discipline. Jesus Himself said, “Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness” (Matthew 5:6), showing that our deepest desire should be for spiritual fulfillment, not fleeting pleasures.
Proverbs 10:5: “He who gathers crops in summer is a wise son, but he who sleeps during harvest is a disgraceful son.” (NIV)
Proverbs 10:5:
“He who gathers crops in summer is a wise son, but he who sleeps during harvest is a disgraceful son.” (NIV)
This speaks to the importance of diligence and timely action. It mirrors the Apostle Paul’s teaching in 2 Thessalonians 3:10: “The one who is unwilling to work shall not eat.” Wisdom involves recognizing the seasons of opportunity and making the most of them, for they are fleeting.
Proverbs 25:13: “Like a snow-cooled drink at harvest time is a trustworthy messenger to the one who sends him; he refreshes the spirit of his master.” (NIV)
Proverbs 25:13:
“Like a snow-cooled drink at harvest time is a trustworthy messenger to the one who sends him;
he refreshes the spirit of his master.” (NIV)
This verse uses the imagery of a refreshing, cold drink during a hot harvest to highlight the value of a trustworthy and reliable messenger. In the same way, Jesus called His followers to be faithful and trustworthy, as seen in the parable of the talents (Matthew 25:21): “Well done, good and faithful servant… enter into the joy of your Lord.”
Proverbs 5:15-18: “Drink water from your own cistern, running water from your own well. Should your springs overflow in the streets, your streams of water in the public squares? Let them be yours alone, never to be shared with strangers. May your fountain be blessed, and may you rejoice in the wife of your youth.” (NIV)
Proverbs 5:15-18:
“Drink water from your own cistern,
running water from your own well.
Should your springs overflow in the streets,
your streams of water in the public squares?
Let them be yours alone, never to be shared with strangers.
May your fountain be blessed,
and may you rejoice in the wife of your youth.” (NIV)
This passage speaks to the sanctity of marriage and the importance of faithfulness. It emphasizes the biblical view that the sexual relationship is a gift from God, meant to be enjoyed within the context of a committed, monogamous marriage. This echoes Hebrews 13:4, which says, “Let marriage be held in honor among all, and let the marriage bed be undefiled.”
Proverbs 21:1:
“The king’s heart is in the hand of the Lord;
he directs it like a watercourse wherever he pleases.” (NIV)
This verse affirms God’s sovereignty over all leaders, including kings and rulers. It reminds us that even the most powerful rulers are ultimately under God’s control. As Daniel 2:21 reminds us, “He changes times and seasons; he deposes kings and raises up others.” Christians are called to trust in God’s ultimate authority and to pray for those in positions of leadership.
Conclusion:
The Book of Proverbs provides timeless wisdom that speaks directly to our daily lives, our relationships, and our spiritual walk with God. It calls us to pursue righteousness, wisdom, and understanding, while warning against the destructive nature of foolishness, sin, and indulgence. Most importantly, it points us toward the fear of the Lord, which is the beginning of all wisdom (Proverbs 1:7). As James 1:5 reminds us, “If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask of God, who gives to all liberally and without reproach, and it will be given to him.”
May this wisdom guide you on your journey of faith.
Blessings to you.
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QUESTION: Who wrote the Book of Kings?
The authorship of the Book of Kings is not explicitly stated in the Bible, but Jewish tradition holds that the prophet Jeremiah is the author of both the Books of Kings. This is consistent with the view that the author likely witnessed the fall of Judah and the Babylonian exile, events that are crucial in understanding the book’s themes of judgment and hope for restoration.
The Book of Kings provides a historical and theological account of the reigns of the kings of Israel and Judah. It begins with King Solomon, the son of David, whose reign marked the height of Israel’s glory (1 Kings 1-11). The book then details the tragic division of the kingdom into Israel (the northern kingdom) and Judah (the southern kingdom) after Solomon’s death. This split occurs because of the people’s disobedience and rejection of God’s command (1 Kings 12).
Theologically, the Book of Kings underscores the consequences of faithfulness and disobedience to God’s covenant. Throughout the book, we see a contrast between the righteous kings (like David, Hezekiah, and Josiah) who sought to honor God and the wicked kings (such as Ahab and Manasseh) who led Israel and Judah into idolatry and sin. Jeroboam, the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel, is particularly notable for his sin of introducing idol worship. He set up golden calves in Bethel and Dan to prevent the Israelites from going to Jerusalem to worship (1 Kings 12:28-30).
One of the most significant theological themes in the Book of Kings is God’s judgment on Israel for its persistent sin. Idolatry is repeatedly condemned, as seen in 2 Kings 17:7-18, where the northern kingdom’s destruction by the Assyrians is attributed to their failure to worship God alone and their embrace of foreign gods. The destruction of Israel serves as a powerful reminder of the covenant curses outlined in Deuteronomy 28:15-68, which warned that Israel would be scattered if they forsook God’s commands.
Yet, amid the judgment, the Book of Kings also highlights God’s mercy and faithfulness. For example, King Josiah of Judah is praised for his reform efforts, including the destruction of idols and the restoration of true worship (2 Kings 22-23). His repentance and humility before God (2 Kings 22:18-20) serve as an example of how God responds to genuine repentance, even in times of great national sin. However, the judgment of the people remained due to their refusal to repent as a nation.
The final chapters of the Book of Kings (2 Kings 24-25) recount the tragic fall of Judah, the destruction of Jerusalem, and the exile of the Israelites to Babylon. This event was the fulfillment of the warnings from prophets like Jeremiah (Jeremiah 25:11-12). The exile serves as a clear sign of God’s judgment, but it also contains a note of hope. God promised a future restoration of Israel and Judah, which would be fulfilled through the coming of a Messiah who would establish an eternal kingdom (Jeremiah 31:31-34).
Theological Insights from the Book of Kings:
The Consequences of Idolatry: The Book of Kings makes it clear that idolatry is a central sin that leads to God’s judgment (1 Kings 14:15-16). Even though Israel and Judah were God’s chosen people, their rejection of Him and worship of idols resulted in their downfall. This is consistent with the teaching in Exodus 20:3-6, where God commands that no other gods be worshiped.
God’s Covenant Faithfulness: Despite the people’s unfaithfulness, God remains faithful to His promises, particularly to David. This is evident in the preservation of the Davidic line, even after the destruction of Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:27-30). God’s covenant promises will ultimately be fulfilled in the Messiah, who is a descendant of David.
The Role of the Prophets: The prophets in the Book of Kings, such as Elijah, Elisha, and Jeremiah, played a pivotal role in calling the kings and the people to repentance. They were God’s mouthpieces, delivering both warnings of judgment and messages of hope (1 Kings 17-19; 2 Kings 2). Their ministry highlights the crucial role of God’s Word in maintaining covenant faithfulness.
God’s Sovereignty Over Nations: The Book of Kings illustrates God’s control over the rise and fall of nations. Even when Israel and Judah were taken captive by foreign powers like Assyria and Babylon, it was ultimately part of God’s sovereign plan (2 Kings 24:2; Jeremiah 25:9). This teaches that God is sovereign over all history, even in times of judgment and suffering.
The Hope of Restoration: Despite the severe consequences of Israel’s sin, the Book of Kings ends with a note of hope, particularly in the promise of restoration after exile. This echoes the promise of a future Davidic king who would rule justly and establish peace, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ (Luke 1:32-33).
For a more detailed study of these themes, you can read more here >>> BIBLICAL BOOKS: Part 5
May the Lord bless you as you dive deeper into His Word.
The book of Philemon is a personal letter written by the Apostle Paul while he was in prison in Rome, around A.D. 60-62. This letter is part of the Pauline Epistles in the New Testament and is unique in its intimate and personal nature. Paul addresses Philemon, a wealthy Christian from Colossae who had been converted through Paul’s ministry (see Colossians 1:7-8). Philemon later became an active member of the early Christian church, even hosting the church in his home (Philemon 1:2).
Philemon 1:2 (NIV) says, “To Apphia, our sister, to Archippus, our fellow soldier, and to the church that meets in your home.”
Paul’s inclusion of Apphia (possibly Philemon’s wife), Archippus (perhaps Philemon’s son or a fellow leader), and the church that met in Philemon’s house highlights the interconnectedness of early Christian communities and the role of individuals in supporting and leading these gatherings.
Why Did Paul Write the Letter?
The main reason for Paul’s letter to Philemon was to address the situation of Onesimus, Philemon’s runaway slave. Onesimus had wronged Philemon by stealing from him and fleeing (Philemon 1:18), but he encountered Paul during his time in Rome, where he was converted to Christianity (Philemon 1:10). Paul was deeply moved by Onesimus’s transformation and was now sending him back to Philemon, asking Philemon to forgive and receive Onesimus as a beloved brother in Christ, not as a slave.
Paul urges Philemon to accept Onesimus as he would accept Paul himself, emphasizing the concept of reconciliation and forgiveness in Christ. This demonstrates the radical nature of Christian love and unity, where social barriers (such as those between master and slave) are broken down through the gospel.
In
Philemon 1:16, Paul says, “No longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother. He is very dear to me but even dearer to you, both as a fellow man and as a brother in the Lord.”
Paul also makes a theological point in verse 18-19 (NIV): “If he has done you any wrong or owes you anything, charge it to me. I, Paul, am writing this with my own hand. I will pay it back—not to mention that you owe me your very self.”
Here, Paul draws a parallel between his willingness to bear the cost of Onesimus’s wrongs and the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who bore the cost of humanity’s sins on the cross.
Theological Significance of the Book
Philemon is a powerful illustration of Christian reconciliation, forgiveness, and the equality of believers in Christ. Theologically, it demonstrates the doctrine of substitution, where Paul is willing to bear the financial burden of Onesimus’s actions, just as Christ bore the burden of humanity’s sin. The letter also emphasizes the importance of forgiveness and unity in the body of Christ, showing that all believers, regardless of social status, are equal in God’s eyes (Galatians 3:28).
Paul’s approach here reflects the gospel message of transformation—through Christ, even those who were once in deep separation (such as a slave and master) can be reconciled and united as brothers and sisters in the Lord. This radical call for unity and forgiveness is foundational in understanding Christian community.
Have You Received Christ Into Your Life?
Just as Onesimus was transformed through the gospel, we too can experience the life-changing power of Christ. If you have not yet accepted Christ as your Savior, now is the time to do so. The Bible says in
Romans 10:9 (NIV), “If you declare with your mouth, ‘Jesus is Lord,’ and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.”
Share the Good News
This letter of reconciliation is a message that should be shared with others. Just as Paul encouraged Philemon to forgive Onesimus, we are called to share the gospel and invite others to experience the same forgiveness and grace that we have received.
A Theological Reflection on John 18:6
In military strategy, failing to recognize your enemy until he reveals himself right before your eyes is a clear sign of defeat. This moment captures something deeper than a mere tactical failure—it reveals profound spiritual truths about Jesus Christ and the power of His identity.
When the soldiers arrived in the Garden of Gethsemane to arrest Jesus, they came with confidence, armed and ready to seize their target. Yet, unexpectedly, they were overwhelmed and fell back, literally to the ground (John 18:6, NIV):
When Jesus said, ‘I am he,’ they drew back and fell to the ground. (John 18:6)
This reaction highlights the divine authority and glory inherent in Jesus’ declaration. The phrase “I am He” is rich in meaning. It echoes the divine name revealed to Moses in the burning bush, “I AM WHO I AM” (Exodus 3:14). By using this phrase, Jesus identifies Himself with Yahweh, the eternal God of Israel. This is not just a statement of identity but a revelation of His divine nature, a moment where the glory of God was manifested even in His vulnerability.
The soldiers’ falling back symbolizes more than fear—it’s a moment of spiritual confrontation with the divine. They encounter not just a man, but the living God who holds all authority. This spiritual power shakes them to their core, incapacitating them momentarily.
The Human and Divine Interplay in the Arrest of Jesus
Jesus’ arrest contrasts with typical expectations of a prisoner’s capture. Instead of a violent struggle, the soldiers are overcome by the presence of divine authority. This reveals that the arrest was part of God’s sovereign plan for salvation rather than a mere human event.
Moreover, Jesus’ response to their question, “Whom are you seeking?” and His command to let His disciples go free (John 18:8), shows His control over the situation. He willingly submits to the Father’s will, demonstrating perfect obedience and love (Philippians 2:5-8).
Parallels in the Old Testament: Elisha’s Story
This event mirrors the story of Elisha in 2 Kings 6:8–23 (NIV), where Elisha prays for God to blind the enemy soldiers, leading them into the city and eventually releasing them unharmed. This shows God’s power to protect His servants and to turn the plans of enemies to His own purposes.
Just like Elisha, Jesus shows mercy to His enemies. When Peter cuts off the ear of the high priest’s servant, Jesus heals him (Luke 22:50-51), underscoring His mission to bring peace and reconciliation, even in the face of violence.
Theological Significance: The Power of Jesus’ Identity
Divine Authority Revealed:
Jesus’ identification as “I am He” reveals His divine nature, echoing God’s self-revelation in the Old Testament. This moment anticipates the ultimate revelation of Jesus as Lord over death and sin (Revelation 1:8).
Victory through Submission:
Though Jesus had the power to resist arrest, He chose submission to fulfill the Father’s redemptive plan. His arrest leads to the cross, where His death and resurrection defeat sin and death for all who believe (Romans 5:6-11).
Mercy and Redemption for All:
Jesus’ willingness to heal and to lay down His life shows God’s profound mercy. His death is not only for Israel but extends salvation to the Gentiles, fulfilling God’s promise to bless all nations through Abraham (Genesis 12:3; Galatians 3:8).
Application: Responding to the Divine Invitation
The soldiers’ fall reminds us that God’s ways and thoughts are higher than ours (Isaiah 55:8-9). His mercy can overwhelm even the hardest hearts. Jesus calls each of us to respond to His love and salvation.
Have you accepted Christ’s invitation? He draws you close to rescue you from judgment and bring you into eternal life (John 3:16-17). Today is the day of salvation (2 Corinthians 6:2).
Final Thought
The soldiers’ retreat in John 18:6 was no accident. It was a powerful demonstration of Jesus’ divine identity and authority, a moment of spiritual victory even as His earthly journey toward the cross began. May we recognize the Savior’s power and respond in faith and surrender.
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Question: What does the “Covenant of Salt” mentioned in 2 Chronicles 13:5 mean?
Answer: Let us examine the Scriptures.
2 Chronicles 13:5 – “Don’t you know that the Lord, the God of Israel, has given the kingship of Israel to David and his descendants forever by a covenant of salt?”
The phrase “Covenant of Salt” appears three times in Scripture:
2 Chronicles 13:5
Numbers 18:19
Leviticus 2:13
The Meaning of the Covenant of SaltIn ancient times, salt was not only used to season food, but also as a preservative. Before refrigeration existed, people used salt to keep meat, grain, and other food from rotting. Salt therefore symbolized preservation, permanence, and faithfulness.
This is why God commanded that all offerings be presented with salt:
Leviticus 2:13 – “Season all your grain offerings with salt. Do not leave the salt of the covenant of your God out of your grain offerings; add salt to all your offerings.”
Again, during sacrifices, priests would sprinkle salt upon the offerings:
Ezekiel 43:24 – “You are to offer them before the Lord, and the priests are to sprinkle salt on them and sacrifice them as a burnt offering to the Lord.”
Thus, salt represented the enduring, unbreakable, and incorruptible nature of God’s covenant.
Salt as a Symbol of PermanenceWhen Scripture says God gave David the kingdom “by a covenant of salt,” it means His promise was firm, lasting, and incorruptible. Just as salt preserves food, so God preserves His covenant promises.
This covenant language also appears in the Persian empire, where eating the king’s “salt” meant loyalty to the king (Ezra 4:14). Salt was therefore a mark of faithfulness, loyalty, and permanence.
The Spiritual Application for UsWhen we believe in Christ and repent of our sins, we are spiritually “seasoned with salt” by the Holy Spirit. This means God makes us enduring, preserved for eternal life, and incorruptible in His covenant promises.
Mark 9:49 – “Everyone will be salted with fire.”
Here, Jesus explains that the fire of the Holy Spirit works like salt—it purifies, preserves, and transforms. The Spirit burns away sin and worldly attachments, producing holiness in us. Though painful at times, this refining fire leads us to become new creations in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17).
Thus, through Christ, the “Covenant of Salt” points to eternal preservation in God’s promises.
Jesus and the Covenant of SaltJesus also declared to His followers:
Matthew 5:13 – “You are the salt of the earth. But if the salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything, except to be thrown out and trampled underfoot.”
Believers, preserved and empowered by the Holy Spirit, are called to be salt in the world—bringing flavor, preserving truth, and testifying to God’s unchanging covenant.
ConclusionThe Covenant of Salt is a powerful biblical symbol:
It represents God’s unchanging and eternal promises.
It symbolizes preservation, loyalty, and permanence.
It points to the purifying work of the Holy Spirit in believers.
It reminds us that in Christ, we too are called to be “the salt of the earth.”
Application: Have you been “seasoned with salt”? By receiving Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, you are sealed with the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 1:13) and preserved for eternal life.
Maranatha! The Lord is coming soon. Accept Christ today, and you will become the salt of the earth, preserved for eternity in the Covenant of God.
— Psalm 69:8 (ESV)
In Swahili, the word “Msikwao” refers to a foreigner or outsider—someone who comes from a different land or community and is seen as not belonging. So, when the Psalmist (David) says “I have become a stranger to my brothers,” it means he was being rejected or treated like a foreigner, even among his closest family.
Psalm 69 is a Messianic Psalm, meaning that although it was written by David about his own life, it prophetically foreshadows the life and sufferings of Jesus Christ.
Throughout the New Testament, various verses from Psalm 69 are directly applied to Jesus, showing us that this Psalm isn’t just historical—it’s deeply prophetic.
David writes:
“I have become a stranger to my brothers, an alien to my mother’s sons.”— Psalm 69:8 (ESV)
This was fulfilled in the life of Jesus, who was rejected by His own people, including His blood relatives and the nation of Israel.
“And when His family heard it, they went out to seize Him, for they were saying, ‘He is out of His mind.’”
“For not even His brothers believed in Him.”
Even though Jesus was the Messiah, His own family doubted Him, and the religious leaders of Israel rejected Him as an outsider. This fulfills the image of being a “Msikwao”—an alien or stranger—even among His own people.
Psalm 69 continues:
“For zeal for Your house has consumed me, and the reproaches of those who reproach You have fallen on me.”— Psalm 69:9 (ESV)
This verse is quoted in the New Testament when Jesus cleanses the temple, showing that He was driven by deep passion for His Father’s glory.
“And He told those who sold the pigeons, ‘Take these things away; do not make My Father’s house a house of trade.’ His disciples remembered that it was written, ‘Zeal for Your house will consume me.’”
Jesus was so devoted to God’s holiness that He confronted corruption in the temple—causing people to hate Him even more. His passion made Him a target.
Another key prophecy in Psalm 69 is echoed in:
“Even my close friend in whom I trusted, who ate my bread, has lifted his heel against me.”
Jesus quotes this verse when referring to Judas Iscariot, who would betray Him:
“I am not speaking of all of you; I know whom I have chosen. But the Scripture will be fulfilled, ‘He who ate My bread has lifted his heel against Me.’”
This shows that Jesus’ betrayal was not random—it was foretold in Scripture, centuries in advance.
Many believers don’t realize that the Psalms are rich in Messianic prophecies. Jesus Himself said that the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms all point to Him:
“These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about Me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled.”
So when we read Psalm 69, we’re not just reading David’s story—we’re reading the story of Christ’s rejection, suffering, and obedience.
Jesus told His followers that just as He was rejected, we too would face rejection for following Him.
“If the world hates you, know that it has hated Me before it hated you. If you were of the world, the world would love you as its own; but because you are not of the world… the world hates you.”
So if you are mistreated, excluded, or even rejected by your own family for your faith in Christ, remember—you are not alone. Jesus went through it first. He knows how it feels.
“In the world you will have tribulation. But take heart; I have overcome the world.”
When you walk in obedience to God, there will be moments where you feel like a “Msikwao”—an outsider. But do not be discouraged. You’re not walking alone.
Your rejection is evidence of your identity in Christ. You are walking the same path as your Savior.
Let this truth strengthen you:
Jesus was rejected so that you could be accepted by the Father.
He was treated as a stranger so that you could become a citizen of Heaven.
What was true for Him will often be true for those who follow Him.
So hold fast to your faith, remain in God’s Word, and let the Psalms open your eyes to the beauty of Jesus throughout Scripture.
“Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that comes from the mouth of God.”— Matthew 4:4 (ESV)
Make it your daily habit to read the Word of God, pray, and grow in fellowship with Him.
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This verse provides wisdom that applies both practically and spiritually. The message is clear: a lifestyle centered around pleasure and indulgence can lead to ruin—financially, emotionally, and spiritually.
In everyday life, loving luxury and pleasure—without discipline—leads to poverty. People who prioritize entertainment, status, or material things over saving, planning, and investing often find themselves struggling.
In biblical times, “wine and oil” symbolized luxury (Psalm 104:15). The mention here isn’t just about food or drink; it reflects a lifestyle of excess. For example, someone earning a modest income yet spending most of it on expensive perfumes or the latest gadgets just to appear fashionable is living beyond their means.
Theological Insight: Scripture consistently promotes stewardship and contentment. Paul writes,
“But godliness with contentment is great gain.” – 1 Timothy 6:6 (NIV)
Chasing pleasure often reflects discontent and poor stewardship of God-given resources.
From a spiritual perspective, indulgence in worldly pleasures often reflects a deeper issue—spiritual poverty or lack of intimacy with God.
Jesus, in the Parable of the Sower, explains how spiritual growth can be choked out by worldly distractions:
“As for what fell among the thorns, they are those who hear, but as they go on their way they are choked by the cares and riches and pleasures of life, and their fruit does not mature.” – Luke 8:14 (ESV)
Pleasure in itself isn’t sinful—God created us with the ability to enjoy good things—but when pleasure becomes our focus, it competes with our devotion to God. Modern examples include excessive entertainment, social media addiction, or weekend partying that takes up the time meant for prayer, service, or Scripture reading.
Theological Insight: The heart of Christian discipleship is self-denial and focus on eternal things:
“Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things.” – Colossians 3:2 (NIV) “For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.” – Matthew 6:21 (NIV)
A pleasure-driven life can distort our desires, misplace our treasures, and numb us to the things of God.
The book of Ecclesiastes offers additional insight:
“Better what the eye sees than the roving of the appetite. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.” – Ecclesiastes 6:9 (NIV)
This verse teaches that learning to appreciate what you already have is wiser than constantly chasing new pleasures. It’s a call to contentment and focus.
Redeeming the Time: Paul encourages believers to live wisely:
“Be very careful, then, how you live—not as unwise but as wise, making the most of every opportunity, because the days are evil.” – Ephesians 5:15–16 (NIV)
Time, like money, must be stewarded well. A life revolving around pleasure leaves little room for spiritual growth and Kingdom impact.
Proverbs 21:17 warns us: a life centered on pleasure results in poverty—not just materially, but spiritually as well. In contrast, those who live with discipline, gratitude, and focus on God’s purposes find both provision and fulfillment.
Jesus taught:
“Seek first his kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things will be given to you as well.” – Matthew 6:33 (NIV)
Shalom.
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Question: What is the difference between being holy (1 Peter 1:15–16) and being perfect (Matthew 5:48)?
Answer:
A holy person is someone who has been sanctified, cleansed, set apart, and does what is good. The Bible teaches us to be holy just as our Father in heaven is holy:
1 Peter 1:15–16 “But just as he who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do; for it is written: ‘Be holy, because I am holy.’”
1 Peter 1:15–16
“But just as he who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do; for it is written: ‘Be holy, because I am holy.’”
This command is repeated in the Old Testament:
Leviticus 19:2 “Speak to the entire assembly of Israel and say to them: ‘Be holy because I, the Lord your God, am holy.’”
Leviticus 19:2
“Speak to the entire assembly of Israel and say to them: ‘Be holy because I, the Lord your God, am holy.’”
But a perfect person is a holy person who has gone further—who has reached maturity in holiness. There are those who are holy but not yet perfect, and those who are both holy and perfect.
A perfect person does something extra in their holiness that sets them apart from others and makes them more like God. Jesus gave examples of this in Matthew 5:
Matthew 5:43–48 “You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’
Matthew 5:43–48
“You have heard that it was said, ‘Love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’
But I tell you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, that you may be children of your Father in heaven. He causes his sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous.
If you love those who love you, what reward will you get? Are not even the tax collectors doing that?
And if you greet only your own people, what are you doing more than others? Do not even pagans do that?
Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.”
So, we must pursue not only holiness, but also perfection.
Here are some comparisons:
Matthew 19:16–22 Just then a man came up to Jesus and asked, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to get eternal life?”
Matthew 19:16–22
Just then a man came up to Jesus and asked, “Teacher, what good thing must I do to get eternal life?”
“Why do you ask me about what is good?” Jesus replied. “There is only One who is good. If you want to enter life, keep the commandments.”
“Which ones?” he inquired.
Jesus replied, “‘You shall not murder, you shall not commit adultery, you shall not steal, you shall not give false testimony, honor your father and mother,’ and ‘love your neighbor as yourself.’”
“All these I have kept,” the young man said. “What do I still lack?”
Jesus answered, “If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me.”
When the young man heard this, he went away sad, because he had great wealth.
This shows us that we must not stop at holiness alone—we must strive for perfection.
The Bible gives us examples of people who were considered perfect:
In the same way, when we become perfect, we too shall see God.
May the Lord bless you.
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In the Old Testament, priests were divinely appointed men who served as mediators between God and the people of Israel. They performed their duties first in the Tabernacle (Mishkan) during Israel’s wilderness journey (Exodus 28–29), and later in Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem (1 Kings 6).
Their core responsibilities included:
Offering sacrifices to atone for the sins of the people (Leviticus 16:15–17),
Teaching the Law of God to the nation (Malachi 2:7),
Maintaining ceremonial cleanliness and overseeing religious festivals (Leviticus 23).
Only men from the tribe of Levi, specifically from the family of Aaron, were permitted to become priests (Exodus 28:1; Numbers 18:1–7). Other Levites served in support roles—such as guarding the temple and assisting in worship—but only Aaron’s descendants could offer sacrifices.
“And no man takes this honor to himself, but he who is called by God, just as Aaron was.” — Hebrews 5:4 (NKJV)
Under the New Covenant, Jesus Christ is the ultimate and eternal High Priest (Hebrews 4:14–16). He fulfilled the entire sacrificial system by offering Himself once for all as the perfect atonement for sin.
“But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God.” — Hebrews 10:12 (NKJV) “For there is one God and one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus.” — 1 Timothy 2:5 (NKJV)
“But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God.” — Hebrews 10:12 (NKJV)
“For there is one God and one Mediator between God and men, the Man Christ Jesus.” — 1 Timothy 2:5 (NKJV)
Because of Christ’s sacrifice, the old Levitical priesthood is no longer required (Hebrews 7:11–28). Instead, all believers in Christ now participate in a spiritual priesthood.
In the New Testament, pastors (Greek: poimēn, meaning shepherd) are spiritual leaders given to the Church by Christ Himself. Their role is to shepherd, teach, equip, and care for the body of believers.
“And He Himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers,for the equipping of the saints for the work of ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ.” — Ephesians 4:11–12 (NKJV)
Pastors are under-shepherds of Jesus, the Chief Shepherd (1 Peter 5:4). They do not mediate through animal sacrifices but through the preaching of the Word, prayer, discipleship, and pastoral care.
“Feed My lambs… Tend My sheep… Feed My sheep.” — John 21:15–17 (NKJV)
While they mirror some of the priestly roles (like spiritual leadership, teaching, and intercession), pastors serve through the finished work of Christ, not through ritual.
A foundational New Testament truth is the “priesthood of all believers.” Every Christian, through Christ, now has direct access to God and is called to serve, worship, and proclaim the gospel.
“…To Him who loved us and washed us from our sins in His own blood,and has made us kings and priests to His God and Father…” — Revelation 1:5–6 (NKJV)
“But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people,that you may proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light.” — 1 Peter 2:9 (NKJV)
“Therefore, brethren, having boldness to enter the Holiest by the blood of Jesus…” — Hebrews 10:19 (NKJV)
So, pastors are not the only priests under the New Covenant. All Spirit-filled believers share in a spiritual priesthood, each called to offer spiritual sacrifices and participate in the ministry of reconciliation.
“Now all things are of God, who has reconciled us to Himself through Jesus Christ,and has given us the ministry of reconciliation…” — 2 Corinthians 5:18 (NKJV)
“You also, as living stones, are being built up a spiritual house, a holy priesthood,to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.” — 1 Peter 2:5 (NKJV)
God has given a strong warning to leaders who neglect His people. The prophecy in Ezekiel 34 stands as a solemn reminder that pastoral leadership is a sacred trust.
“Woe to the shepherds of Israel who only take care of themselves! Should not shepherds take care of the flock?” — Ezekiel 34:2 (NIV)
“You have not strengthened the weak or healed the sick or bound up the injured… So they were scattered because there was no shepherd.” — Ezekiel 34:4–5 (NIV)
God promises to hold shepherds accountable who fail to care for His flock:
“I am against the shepherds and will hold them accountable for my flock.” — Ezekiel 34:10 (NIV)
If you’re a pastor today, take your calling seriously. Your role is not just to preach, but to feed, protect, and love the flock that belongs to Christ.
“Be shepherds of God’s flock that is under your care… not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock.” — 1 Peter 5:2–3 (NIV)
And if you are a believer in Christ, know that you too are a priest — called to draw near to God, proclaim His gospel, and serve His people.
May the Lord Jesus Christ help us to be faithful in every part of our calling.
Question: What does it mean to “anger” a person or an angel? (Exodus 23:21)
Answer:Let’s go back to the passage…
Exodus 23:20-22 “Behold, I send an angel before you to keep you in the way and to bring you into the place which I have prepared. 21 Be careful before him and obey his voice; do not provoke him, for he will not pardon your transgressions; for My name is in him. 22 But if you indeed obey his voice and do all that I speak, then I will be an enemy to your enemies and an adversary to your adversaries.”
To “anger” someone, as mentioned in the Bible, means to provoke them to anger. In this context, God is saying not to anger the angel He sends, because if you do, the angel will not forgive your sins.
What would provoke the angel to anger? It’s not anything trivial, but rather actions like “forsaking God and worshiping other gods” or “failing to keep His Word.” You’ll see that the children of Israel repeatedly angered the angel during their time in the wilderness, and even when they entered the Promised Land.
One clear example of this was when they delayed driving out the nations they encountered in the Promised Land and entered into covenants with their gods—an abomination before God and His angel, who had led them into that land.
Judges 2:1-5 “Then the Angel of the Lord came up from Gilgal to Bokim, and said: ‘I led you up from Egypt and brought you to the land which I swore to your fathers; and I said, I will never break My covenant with you. 2 And you shall make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land; you shall tear down their altars. But you have not obeyed My voice. Why have you done this? 3 Therefore I also said, I will not drive them out before you; but they shall be thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare to you.’ 4 So it was, when the Angel of the Lord spoke these words to all the children of Israel, that the people lifted up their voices and wept. 5 Then they called the name of that place Bokim; and they sacrificed there to the Lord.”
Even today, people provoke God’s angels by living contrary to God’s Word. The Scriptures say that every believer has their own angel who stands before God, delivering good news and ministering on their behalf (see Matthew 18:10 and Hebrews 1:13-14).
So when someone acts in opposition to God’s Word, the angel assigned to them is grieved and upset as well.
But it’s not just angels who are angered; we also provoke God Himself by our sinful actions. The children of Israel provoked God during their time in the wilderness, and we, even today, provoke Him with our sins.
Deuteronomy 9:7-9 “Remember! Do not forget how you provoked the Lord your God to wrath in the wilderness. From the day that you departed from the land of Egypt until you came to this place, you have been rebellious against the Lord. 8 Also in Horeb you provoked the Lord to wrath, so that the Lord was angry enough with you to have destroyed you. 9 When I went up into the mountain to receive the tablets of stone, the tablets of the covenant which the Lord made with you, then I stayed on the mountain forty days and forty nights; I neither ate bread nor drank water.”
Also see Deuteronomy 31:29
May the Lord help us not to cross the boundaries of His Word and provoke His anger.
Amen.
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