What’s the Difference Between Calvary and Golgotha?

Question: Where does the word Calvary appear in the Bible, and how is it different from Golgotha?

Answer: In the Swahili Bible, the word Calvary does not appear. Instead, we find the word Golgotha, especially in John 19:17 (NIV):

“Carrying his own cross, he went out to the place of the Skull (which in Aramaic is called Golgotha).”

John 19:18 (NIV) continues:

“There they crucified him, and with him two others—one on each side and Jesus in the middle.”

What Does Golgotha Mean?

Golgotha is an Aramaic word that means “skull”. The Gospel writers refer to this place as “the place of the skull”, possibly because the hill had the shape of a human skull or was associated with death and execution.

The term appears in three Gospels:

Matthew 27:33 (NIV): “They came to a place called Golgotha (which means ‘the place of the skull’).”

 

Mark 15:22 (NIV): “They brought Jesus to the place called Golgotha (which means ‘the place of the skull’).”

 

John 19:17 (NIV): (as quoted above)

So, What Is Calvary?

Calvary is simply the Latin translation of Golgotha. It comes from the Latin word Calvaria, which also means “skull.” The word Calvary appears only once in some English Bible translations, such as the King James Version (KJV) in Luke 23:33:

“And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him…”
(Luke 23:33, KJV)

In modern translations like the NIV, the word used is “the place called the Skull”:

“When they came to the place called the Skull, they crucified him there…”
(Luke 23:33, NIV)

Theological Significance

The place where Jesus was crucified—whether referred to as Golgotha or Calvary—is central to the Christian faith. It is here that:

•   Jesus bore the sins of the world (Isaiah 53:5, 1 Peter 2:24).

• God’s justice and mercy met in the crucifixion of His Son (Romans 3:25-26)

• The New Covenant was sealed by the blood of Christ (Hebrews 9:15-22).

The “Place of the Skull” may symbolize death, but for believers, it also represents victory over death through the sacrificial love of Jesus Christ. What was once a site of execution became the place of eternal hope.

Summary

• Golgotha is the Aramaic name meaning “Place of the Skull.”

• Calvary is the Latin translation of the same word (Calvaria).

• They refer to the same location—the hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified.

• The difference is simply linguistic, not theological.

Whether you say Golgotha or Calvary, both point to the same powerful truth: Jesus died for our sins and rose again to bring us life.

May the Lord bless you as you reflect on the meaning of the Cross.

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