THE EYE IS THE LAMP OF THE BODY
Welcome to our Bible study.
Matthew 6:22–23 (ESV)
“The eye is the lamp of the body. So, if your eye is healthy, your whole body will be full of light;
but if your eye is bad, your whole body will be full of darkness. If then the light in you is darkness, how great is the darkness!”
Jesus uses a vivid metaphor here: the eye, as a physical organ that receives light and enables sight, is likened to the inner moral and spiritual perception of a person. Just as a faulty eye leads to physical darkness, a corrupt inner life leads to spiritual blindness and confusion.
1. THE FUNCTION OF THE EYE AND SPIRITUAL PARALLELS
In the physical realm, the eye receives light and makes vision possible. Similarly, in the spiritual realm, our “inner eye” our conscience, moral clarity, and spiritual discernment receives and processes truth. When this spiritual eye is healthy (clear, focused, and God aligned), it enables us to walk in God’s light.
Psalm 119:105 (NKJV)
“Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.”
The Word of God is the primary source of spiritual light. It guides, convicts, and clarifies. When we allow Scripture to shape our worldview, our spiritual vision is sharpened.
2. GOOD WORKS AS LIGHT: OUR LIFE AS A TESTIMONY
Matthew 5:16 (NIV)
“In the same way, let your light shine before others, that they may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven.”
Here, Jesus equates light with visible actions our good works. These are not works for self glory, but expressions of a transformed life that point others to God. When our hearts are aligned with God’s will, our actions reflect His character love, justice, mercy, and truth.
Theologically, good works are the fruit of salvation, not its foundation. We are saved by grace through faith, and for good works:
Ephesians 2:8–10 (ESV)
“For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God… For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand, that we should walk in them.”
Good works become a means by which the light of Christ shines through us, guiding not only ourselves but those around us.
3. SPIRITUAL BLINDNESS: A DANGEROUS CONDITION
Spiritual blindness is a repeated theme in Jesus’ teaching. It signifies a hardened heart, moral confusion, or self righteousness that leads people away from truth.
Matthew 15:14 (NIV)
“Leave them; they are blind guides. If the blind lead the blind, both will fall into a pit.”
This was spoken in reference to religious leaders who, though outwardly pious, were inwardly corrupt. Their traditions nullified God’s Word, and their hearts were far from Him (see Matthew 15:8–9). They could not perceive spiritual truths because their “eye” was diseased.
Paul also speaks of this blindness:
2 Corinthians 4:4 (ESV)
“In their case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelievers, to keep them from seeing the light of the gospel…”
4. HOW TO RECEIVE SPIRITUAL LIGHT
Restoring spiritual sight and clarity begins with repentance and faith in Jesus Christ. No amount of moral effort can cleanse the soul apart from grace.
1 John 1:7 (NKJV)
“But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanses us from all sin.”
This cleansing opens our spiritual eyes, allowing the Holy Spirit to dwell in us, guide us, and empower us to walk in righteousness.
Acts 2:38 (ESV)
“Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.”
The Holy Spirit becomes our internal light source:
John 16:13 (NIV)
“But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth…”
With the Spirit, believers gain discernment (Hebrews 5:14), wisdom (James 1:5), and the ability to walk in the light rather than stumble in darkness.
5. LET YOUR LIGHT SHINE
The call of Christ is simple yet profound: let the light that God has placed in you shine out through your words, choices, and behavior. Be a reflection of His grace and truth in a world that desperately needs it.
Philippians 2:15 (NIV)
“…so that you may become blameless and pure, ‘children of God without fault in a warped and crooked generation.’ Then you will shine among them like stars in the sky.”
Let your light shine not to impress others, but to illuminate the path to Christ.
The health of your spiritual eye determines the direction of your life. A life aligned with Christ will be full of light clarity, peace, and purpose. But a life in rebellion, or guided by sin and self, is like walking in total darkness.
So let your spiritual eyes be healed. Let your good works testify to the transforming power of the gospel. Walk in the light and shine for the glory of God.
May the Lord bless you and open your eyes to His truth.
What Does the Bible Say About Jealousy? Are There Different Types of Jealousy? And Is It a Sin to Feel Jealous?
In Galatians 5:19-21 (NIV), jealousy is listed among the “acts of the flesh,” which are sinful behaviors:
“The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God.”
This passage clearly identifies jealousy as sinful when it springs from the flesh and leads to destructive behavior. But to understand the biblical concept fully, it’s important to recognize there are two main types of jealousy mentioned in Scripture: Godly jealousy and worldly jealousy.
1. Worldly Jealousy
Worldly jealousy is rooted in selfishness and pride. It manifests as envy, bitterness, and sometimes even violence. It’s closely related to the “works of the flesh” Paul describes in Galatians, which are opposed to the “fruit of the Spirit” (Galatians 5:16-25).
- Cain’s jealousy of Abel is a classic biblical example (Genesis 4:3-8, KJV): Cain’s jealousy turned into murderous rage because he envied that God accepted Abel’s offering but not his own. Rather than seeking to improve himself, Cain’s jealousy led him to sin gravely.
- This kind of jealousy produces discord, strife, and ultimately separation from God (Galatians 5:20-21).
2. Godly Jealousy
Godly jealousy, or “zeal,” is righteous and protective, rooted in love and a desire for holiness. It is sometimes called “holy jealousy” or “zeal for God.”
God Himself is described as a jealous God in Exodus 34:14 (NIV):
“Do not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.”
This jealousy is about protecting His covenant relationship with His people from idolatry and unfaithfulness.
- Jesus displayed godly jealousy when He cleansed the temple (John 2:13-17, NIV). He overturned the money changers’ tables because they were defiling the house of God. His zeal was for the purity of worship, not personal vengeance.
- The Apostle Paul also exemplified godly jealousy for his people. He longed for Israel to turn back to God and used godly jealousy as motivation:
Romans 11:14 (NIV):
“I am trying to arouse my own people to envy and save some of them.”
Here, jealousy is used as a tool to provoke repentance and awakening.
3. Jealousy in Human Relationships
- Within marriage and family, jealousy can be protective and natural, reflecting a desire for faithfulness and respect.
- For example, the Bible metaphorically describes marriage as a relationship that should be free from unfaithfulness and calls the church to be the pure bride of Christ (2 Corinthians 11:2).
- However, jealousy that leads to harmful behaviors such as violence, control, or bitterness is sinful and destructive.
4. Is It a Sin to Feel Jealous?
- Feeling jealous is not necessarily a sin in itself. Jealousy becomes sinful when it leads to bitterness, hatred, resentment, or harmful actions.
- James 4:1-3 (NIV) explains that conflicts and fights arise from desires that battle within us. The desire to have what others have, taken to an extreme, produces sin.
- Therefore, jealousy that inspires us to improve ourselves without wishing harm on others can be seen as acceptable, or even positive. But jealousy that corrupts our heart and actions is sinful.
5. How to Overcome Sinful Jealousy?
- Sinful jealousy is a manifestation of the flesh, and no one can overcome it by willpower alone.
- The solution lies in the power of the Holy Spirit (Galatians 5:16-25). When we walk by the Spirit, the fruit of the Spirit including love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, and self control replaces the works of the flesh.
- Jesus came to free us from the bondage of sin, including sinful jealousy (John 8:36).
- Through repentance, submission to God, and filling with the Holy Spirit, believers can transform jealousy into godly zeal and healthy ambition.
Summary
- Worldly jealousy is sinful and leads to destructive behavior.
- Godly jealousy is a holy passion for righteousness and protection of God’s covenant and relationships.
- Feeling jealous is not automatically sin, but what matters is how you respond to that feeling.
- Overcoming sinful jealousy requires the power of the Holy Spirit.
If you struggle with jealousy or want to learn more about the Holy Spirit’s role in your life, I’d be glad to share further teaching.
May God bless you richly.
Why Were Fish Without Fins and Scales Forbidden to Be Eaten?
Leviticus 11:9–12 (NIV)
9 “Of all the creatures living in the water of the seas and the streams you may eat any that have fins and scales.
10 But all creatures in the seas or streams that do not have fins and scales whether among all the swarming things or among all the other living creatures in the water you are to regard as unclean.
11 And since you are to regard them as unclean, you must not eat their meat; you must regard their carcasses as unclean.
12 Anything living in the water that does not have fins and scales is to be regarded as unclean by you.”
Under the Mosaic Law, dietary restrictions were part of God’s way of setting the people of Israel apart from the surrounding nations (see Leviticus 20:25–26). Clean and unclean animals symbolized purity and impurity teaching Israel how to discern between what was acceptable and unacceptable before God.
Fish with both fins and scales were considered clean because these physical traits enabled effective movement and protection. Spiritually, these features symbolize essential virtues of the believer: readiness and righteousness.
1. Fins: Symbol of Readiness and Direction
Fins enable fish to move swiftly, change direction, and navigate difficult currents. Spiritually, they represent mobility and purpose the believer’s readiness to live and move according to God’s will.
Ephesians 6:15 (NIV)
“…and with your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace.”
In Paul’s description of the armor of God, spiritual readiness is pictured as footwear equipping believers to move forward, share the gospel, and stand firm. A Christian without “fins” is stagnant and aimless, much like a fish unable to swim.
We are not called to spiritual laziness or passivity but to mission and movement. The gospel calls us to “go and make disciples of all nations” (Matthew 28:19). Without spiritual fins, we are unequipped for this calling.
2. Scales: Symbol of Protection and Righteousness
Scales protect fish from injury, parasites, and predators. In a spiritual sense, they represent the righteousness and covering of God, shielding believers from attacks by the enemy.
Ephesians 6:14–17 (NIV)
14 “Stand firm then, with the belt of truth buckled around your waist, with the breastplate of righteousness in place…
16 In addition to all this, take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one.
17 Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God.”
Without spiritual “scales” the righteousness of Christ (2 Corinthians 5:21) we are exposed to the enemy’s deception, condemnation, and temptation.
Job 41:13–17 (NIV), describing the Leviathan (a powerful, armor-like creature), further illustrates this idea:
13 “Who can strip off its outer coat?
Who can penetrate its double coat of armor?
14 Who dares open the doors of its mouth,
ringed with fearsome teeth?
15 Its back has rows of shields
tightly sealed together;
16 each is so close to the next
that no air can pass between.
17 They are joined fast to one another;
they cling together and cannot be parted.”
Just as Leviathan’s scales cannot be penetrated, so too must the believer be fully clothed in the impenetrable righteousness of Christ.
3. The New Covenant Fulfillment
While Christians are no longer under Old Testament dietary laws (Romans 14:14, Colossians 2:16–17), these regulations still carry spiritual symbolism. The dietary laws pointed forward to moral and spiritual purity fulfilled in Christ, who cleanses us from sin and calls us to live holy lives.
Romans 14:17 (NIV)
“For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit…”
The prohibition on eating fish without fins and scales is no longer a binding legal requirement, but it remains a powerful metaphor for Christian living. It reminds us to pursue a life of spiritual discipline, moral integrity, and gospel readiness.
4. The Final Separation
Jesus uses the imagery of fishing to describe the coming judgment:
Matthew 13:47–49 (NIV)
47 “Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was let down into the lake and caught all kinds of fish.
48 When it was full, the fishermen pulled it up on the shore. Then they sat down and collected the good fish in baskets, but threw the bad away.
49 This is how it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous.”
On the last day, God will separate the righteous from the wicked just as fishermen sort good fish from bad. Let us not be like the “unclean fish” that are cast away.
Be Spiritually Clean
Though we’re no longer under the ceremonial laws of Leviticus, the principles remain true:
- Have fins: Walk in purpose, readiness, and mission.
- Have scales: Clothe yourself with the righteousness of Christ and protect your spiritual life.
Romans 13:12 (NIV)
“The night is nearly over; the day is almost here. So let us put aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light.”
Let us not live as spiritually unclean or unprepared believers. Let us be strong, purposeful, and protected ready for the day we are drawn into the final net of God’s kingdom.
Shalom.
What Does the Name “Adam” Mean?
The name Adam comes from the Hebrew word ‘adamah’ (אֲדָמָה), meaning ground or earth. This name reflects humanity’s earthly origin, as God formed the first man from the dust of the ground.
Genesis 2:7 (NIV) “Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.”
This act signifies two crucial truths:
- Man’s physical origin is from the earth.
- Life itself is a gift from God, imparted through His breath (Hebrew: ruach, meaning breath, spirit, or wind).
A Shared Name for Man and Woman
Surprisingly to some, the name “Adam” wasn’t exclusive to the first man. It was a shared name for both the man and the woman when God created them.
Genesis 5:1–2 (ESV) “This is the book of the generations of Adam. When God created man, he made him in the likeness of God. Male and female he created them, and he blessed them and named them Man [Hebrew: Adam] when they were created.”
Here, “Adam” is used in a collective sense, representing all humankind. Theologically, this points to the unity and equality of man and woman in bearing God’s image (Imago Dei), and in being recipients of His blessing and purpose (Genesis 1:26–28).
The Legacy of Adam: Mortality and the Need for Redemption
All human beings born after Adam are considered his descendants “sons of Adam” and inherit both his earthly nature and his fallen condition due to sin (Romans 5:12). This explains why death and decay are universal human experiences.
Genesis 3:19 (NIV) “By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.”
This mortality is not just physical it is spiritual. Through Adam, sin entered the world, bringing separation from God. But through Christ the “Second Adam” a new kind of life is made possible.
1 Corinthians 15:22 (ESV) “For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive.”
A New Body, A New Identity
For those who belong to Christ, there is a promised transformation. At the resurrection, we will receive heavenly bodies no longer limited by earthly weakness or corrupted by sin.
1 Corinthians 15:47–49 (NIV) “The first man was of the dust of the earth; the second man is of heaven. As was the earthly man, so are those who are of the earth; and as is the heavenly man, so also are those who are of heaven. And just as we have borne the image of the earthly man, so shall we bear the image of the heavenly man.”
Jesus confirms that the resurrected life is radically different. There will be no marriage, no procreation, no earthly desires. We will be like the angels holy and eternal.
Mark 12:25 (NIV) “When the dead rise, they will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven.”
Do You Have the Hope of a Heavenly Body?
This hope isn’t automatic. Scripture teaches that this transformation is only for those who are in Christ those who have believed the Gospel, repented of sin, and are living in obedience to Him.
2 Corinthians 5:17 (NIV) “Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, the new creation has come: The old has gone, the new is here!”
Philippians 3:20–21 (ESV) “But our citizenship is in heaven, and from it we await a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our lowly body to be like his glorious body…”
Do you have this hope? Are you living with the assurance that your earthly body will one day be exchanged for a glorified one?
That hope is found only in Jesus Christ the second and greater Adam who not only restores what was lost but also grants us eternal life with God.
Romans 6:23 (NIV) “For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.”
May the Lord bless you and lead you into the fullness of His truth and hope.
YOU ARE THE FRAGRANCE OF CHRIST
A Theological Reflection for Believers
Understanding Your Identity in Christ
Many Christians rejoice in the truth of their salvation but are unaware of the spiritual implications it carries. One profound aspect of the believer’s identity is captured in the phrase “the fragrance of Christ.” This imagery, drawn from the Apostle Paul’s teachings, speaks of influence, presence, and spiritual witness how we “smell” to the world around us, both to those who are being saved and to those who are perishing.
1. The Nature of Fragrance: Attractive Yet Divisive
Fragrance is designed to attract. In ancient times, it was associated with sacrifice, honor, and worship. In our time, perfume is applied to enhance one’s presence. However, as anyone who has worn perfume knows, what is pleasant to some may be unpleasant to others.
Spiritually, this concept still holds. As believers, we carry the “aroma of Christ”, which is pleasing to God but may not be welcomed by all people.
2 Corinthians 2:14–16 (NIV):
“But thanks be to God, who always leads us as captives in Christ’s triumphal procession and uses us to spread the aroma of the knowledge of him everywhere. For we are to God the pleasing aroma of Christ among those who are being saved and those who are perishing. To the one, we are an aroma that brings death; to the other, an aroma that brings life. And who is equal to such a task?”
- Paul uses the imagery of Roman triumphal processions, where incense was burned as a sign of victory. To Roman citizens, the aroma meant celebration and life; to captives, it was the scent of impending death.
- Similarly, to those receiving the Gospel, believers represent the scent of salvation and hope. To those rejecting it, our lives serve as a reminder of judgment and spiritual death.
2. You Are Pleasing to God Even If You Offend the World
As Christians, we are called to live holy and set apart lives. This lifestyle is a sweet offering to God, modeled after Christ, whose entire life was a “fragrant offering” to the Father.
Ephesians 5:2 (NIV):
“…and walk in the way of love, just as Christ loved us and gave himself up for us as a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God.”
When you live according to God’s Word, your life exudes a spiritual fragrance. This includes your character, prayers, worship, fasting, and preaching. These are pleasing in God’s sight and build up the body of Christ.
But the same lifestyle may be repulsive to those who live in rebellion against God. They may not understand why they oppose you, but light always exposes darkness.
John 3:19–20 (NIV):
“This is the verdict: Light has come into the world, but people loved darkness instead of light because their deeds were evil. Everyone who does evil hates the light and will not come into the light for fear that their deeds will be exposed.”
3. You Will Face Rejection Even Hatred
Jesus never promised popularity for those who follow Him. Instead, He made it clear that rejection by the world is evidence of alignment with Him.
John 15:18–20 (NIV):
“If the world hates you, keep in mind that it hated me first. If you belonged to the world, it would love you as its own. As it is, you do not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world. That is why the world hates you.”
- Your fragrance is spiritual, not just moral. The more Christ is formed in you, the stronger that fragrance becomes.
- Those under conviction will sometimes respond with hostility not toward you personally, but toward what your life represents.
Romans 12:1 (NIV):
“Therefore, I urge you, brothers and sisters, in view of God’s mercy, to offer your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God this is your true and proper worship.”
Living sacrificially means you may lose popularity, friends, or opportunities but in doing so, you offer your life as a holy and pleasing fragrance to God.
4. Not Everyone Will Understand Your Faithfulness
Being faithful to Christ doesn’t always produce earthly favor. Sometimes it invites spiritual resistance. This is why Paul asked, “Who is equal to such a task?” (2 Cor. 2:16). Being the fragrance of Christ requires boldness, endurance, and the help of the Holy Spirit.
2 Timothy 3:12 (NIV):
“In fact, everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.”
Persecution whether mild or severe is not a sign of failure, but of faithfulness.
Remain Faithful as the Fragrance of Christ
If you have received Christ and are walking in obedience to Him, know this: your life has a scent, one that is pleasing to heaven even if it stirs resistance on earth.
Don’t be discouraged when others oppose you. Don’t be surprised when your holiness agitates those who are still bound by sin. Remember, you are the fragrance of Christ bringing life to some, and exposing death to others.
Stand firm. Love boldly. Speak truth. And continue to walk in the aroma of Christ.
Galatians 6:9 (NIV):
“Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up.”
May the Lord strengthen you to be a pleasing aroma in His sight. Amen.
What Was a Sabbath Day’s Journey According to the Bible?
(Acts 1:12 NKJV)
The phrase “Sabbath day’s journey” appears only once in the Bible:
Acts 1:12 (NKJV): “Then they returned to Jerusalem from the mount called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem, a Sabbath day’s journey.”
This term refers to a specific distance that Jews were traditionally allowed to travel on the Sabbath without violating the commandment to rest.
Understanding the Distance
A Sabbath day’s journey was approximately 2,000 cubits, which is roughly 0.6 miles or about 1 kilometer. This limit was not explicitly stated in the Mosaic Law but was established by Jewish rabbinical tradition based on interpretations of Scripture.
Biblical Basis and Rabbinical Interpretation
The foundational scripture often cited for the travel restriction is:
Exodus 16:29 (NKJV):
“See! For the LORD has given you the Sabbath; therefore He gives you on the sixth day bread for two days. Let every man remain in his place; let no man go out of his place on the seventh day.”
From this, rabbis inferred that there was a need for a restriction on how far someone could walk. They reasoned that the phrase “his place” referred to the limits of one’s community or dwelling area.
To determine a reasonable boundary, they referred to:
Numbers 35:4–5 (NKJV):
“The common-land of the cities which you will give the Levites shall extend from the wall of the city outward a thousand cubits all around… You shall measure outside the city on the east side two thousand cubits… the city shall be in the middle. This shall belong to them as common-land for the cities.”
Here, the 2,000 cubits defined a boundary area around a city. Rabbis concluded that this served as a reasonable limit for Sabbath travel thus, the origin of the “Sabbath day’s journey.”
Why Was the Limit Important?
The purpose behind this travel restriction was spiritual and communal. The Sabbath (Hebrew: Shabbat) was instituted by God as a day of rest and worship, commemorating His rest after creation (Genesis 2:2–3) and later enshrined in the Ten Commandments:
Exodus 20:8–10 (NKJV):
“Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy… In it you shall do no work…”
The Sabbath was a covenant sign between God and Israel (Exodus 31:13), meant to refocus attention on worship, reflection, and rest. Limiting travel kept people near their homes, synagogues, or community gathering places minimizing distractions and worldly activities.
New Testament Context
In Acts 1:12, the apostles returned from the Mount of Olives to Jerusalem after witnessing Jesus’ ascension. Luke notes the distance as “a Sabbath day’s journey” to show it was a short and allowable walk under Jewish law, roughly 0.6 miles.
This detail reflects the Jewish context of the early church and Luke’s intention to tie the narrative to familiar Jewish customs for his readers.
Spiritual Application for Believers Today
While Christians are no longer bound by the Old Testament Sabbath laws (see Colossians 2:16–17; Romans 14:5–6), the principle of setting apart a day for rest and worship remains valuable.
Colossians 2:16–17 (NKJV):
“So let no one judge you in food or in drink, or regarding a festival or a new moon or Sabbaths, which are a shadow of things to come, but the substance is of Christ.”Hebrews 4:9–10 (NKJV):
“There remains therefore a rest for the people of God. For he who has entered His rest has himself also ceased from his works as God did from His.”
Today, many Christians regard Sunday as the Lord’s Day (Revelation 1:10), commemorating Jesus’ resurrection. It is not a day for aimless wandering or commercial pursuits, but a time to remain in God’s presence, engage in worship, fellowship, learning, and service.
Practical Encouragement
Let each believer today consider their own “Sabbath journey” not in terms of physical distance, but in terms of spiritual focus. Avoid unnecessary distractions on the Lord’s Day. Prioritize:
- Attending church and corporate worship (Hebrews 10:25)
- Engaging in Bible study and teaching
- Participating in fellowship and Christian service
- Resting in God’s presence, physically and spiritually
Let Sunday not be just another busy day, but a holy interruption in our week where we align ourselves with God’s heart.
Shalom. Remain near to God on His day.
Did Only Jesus Ascend to Heaven—Not Elijah or Enoch? (Exploring John 3:13)
Question:
Some people wonder whether Elijah or Enoch actually ascended to heaven, especially in light of John 3:13, where Jesus says:
“No one has ever gone into heaven except the one who came from heaven the Son of Man.”
(John 3:13, NIV)
Does this mean that only Jesus has ascended to heaven, and that Elijah and Enoch didn’t? Let’s examine the context and theological meaning behind this verse.
1. The Context of John 3:13
In John 3, Jesus is speaking to Nicodemus, a Pharisee and member of the Jewish ruling council, about spiritual rebirth and the Kingdom of God. Let’s read the passage in context:
“If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how can you believe if I tell you heavenly things? No one has ascended into heaven except he who descended from heaven, the Son of Man.”
(John 3:12–13, ESV)
Here, Jesus is not primarily making a historical statement about people who have been taken to heaven. Instead, He is emphasizing His unique authority to speak about heavenly things because He alone came down from heaven and possesses firsthand knowledge of God’s kingdom.
2. Elijah and Enoch: Were They Taken to Heaven?
Yes, Scripture clearly indicates that both Elijah and Enoch were taken by God in a supernatural way:
- Enoch:
“Enoch walked with God; then he was no more, because God took him away.”
(Genesis 5:24, NIV)
The author of Hebrews confirms this:
“By faith Enoch was taken from this life, so that he did not experience death… he was taken away.”
(Hebrews 11:5, NIV)
- Elijah:
“As they were walking along and talking together, suddenly a chariot of fire and horses of fire appeared and separated the two of them, and Elijah went up to heaven in a whirlwind.”
(2 Kings 2:11, NIV)
So yes, they were taken up, but what John 3:13 highlights is not about mere physical ascension. It’s about origin and authority.
3. The Difference Between Being “Taken to Heaven” and “Coming From Heaven”
Theologians point out that Jesus’ statement in John 3:13 is Christological focused on who Christ is. Jesus is not merely someone who ascends to heaven; He is the one who descended from heaven that is, He existed eternally with the Father before taking on human form (see John 1:1–14 and Philippians 2:6–8).
In contrast, Elijah and Enoch were taken to heaven by God but they were not from heaven. Their origin is earthly, and they were taken into God’s presence by divine choice, not by their own initiative or authority.
Think of it like this: someone who comes from a royal court knows its secrets in a way that a visitor never can. Jesus isn’t a visitor in heaven He is the eternal Son of God, the one who “came from above” (John 3:31), making Him the only one fully qualified to reveal heavenly truths.
4. Jesus: The Only One With Full Knowledge of Heaven
When Jesus says, “No one has ascended into heaven except the one who came from heaven”, He is stating that no human has gone up into heaven to comprehend it fully and return to reveal its truths to humanity. Only Jesus can do that because:
- He is from heaven (John 6:38: “For I have come down from heaven…”)
- He is one with the Father (John 10:30: “I and the Father are one.”)
- He has seen the Father (John 1:18: “No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is himself God… has made Him known.”)
Elijah and Enoch, though taken up, did not come back to reveal the mysteries of heaven or possess divine authority over them. Jesus alone does.
Understanding John 3:13 Correctly
John 3:13 does not deny that Elijah and Enoch were taken to heaven. Rather, it asserts that:
- No human has ascended to heaven to gain divine knowledge and return to reveal it.
- Only Jesus, who came down from heaven, possesses perfect understanding of God and His Kingdom.
Just as Jesus says later in John 6:46 (ESV):
“Not that anyone has seen the Father except he who is from God; he has seen the Father.”
This makes Jesus utterly unique not only in His divine origin, but also in His authority to teach heavenly truth and grant eternal life.
Maranatha Come, Lord Jesus.
Why Are the Books of the Bible Arranged That Way?
QUESTION: Why are the books of the Bible arranged in their current order and not differently?
1. The Nature of the Biblical Canon
The order of books in the Bible was not explicitly dictated by God. Rather, the structure we have today is the result of historical, theological, and literary decisions made by Jewish and early Christian communities. While the books themselves are divinely inspired (2 Timothy 3:16, ESV), the order is a human arrangement designed to aid comprehension and study.
There is no biblical mandate that Genesis must come before Exodus or that Romans must be the first of Paul’s letters. The current order helps readers follow the unfolding story of redemption and provides thematic clarity.
2. The Old Testament (Tanakh vs. Protestant Canon)
Jewish (Hebrew Bible) Canon Tanakh:
- Consists of 24 books, grouped into:
- Torah (Law)
- Nevi’im (Prophets)
- Ketuvim (Writings)
Protestant Old Testament:
- Contains 39 books, but these are the same books as the Jewish Tanakh just arranged and divided differently.
For example:
- 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings, 1 & 2 Chronicles = single books in the Hebrew canon.
- Ezra and Nehemiah = one book.
- The 12 Minor Prophets = one book in Hebrew, but separated in Protestant Bibles.
The Protestant order divides the Old Testament as follows:
a) The Law (Pentateuch)
- Genesis
- Exodus
- Leviticus
- Numbers
- Deuteronomy
These form the foundation of the biblical narrative and law the Torah foundational for Judaism and Christianity alike (see Matthew 5:17).
b) Historical Books
- Joshua
- Judges
- Ruth
- 1 Samuel
- 2 Samuel
- 1 Kings
- 2 Kings
- 1 Chronicles
- 2 Chronicles
- Ezra
- Nehemiah
- Esther
These document the history of Israel from conquest to exile and restoration.
c) Wisdom and Poetry
- Job
- Psalms
- Proverbs
- Ecclesiastes
- Song of Solomon
These books are more philosophical, devotional, and poetic in nature.
d) Major Prophets (Longer writings)
- Isaiah
- Jeremiah
- Lamentations
- Ezekiel
- Daniel
Called “major” due to their length, not status.
e) Minor Prophets (Shorter writings)
- Hosea through 39. Malachi
Note: “Minor” does not mean less important. Each prophet delivered a vital message of repentance, justice, and hope in God’s coming Messiah.
3. The New Testament (27 Books)
The New Testament was written between approximately 45–95 AD and is grouped by literary genre and theme not chronologically.
a) The Gospels (Narratives of Jesus’ Life)
- Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
- John
These give complementary accounts of Jesus’ birth, ministry, death, and resurrection.
- Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke) share similar perspectives.
- John offers a more theological reflection on Jesus’ identity (John 1:1–14).
b) Historical Book
- Acts of the Apostles
- Written by Luke as a continuation of his Gospel (Acts 1:1–2).
- Documents the early Church and the spread of the Gospel.
c) Paul’s Epistles (Letters to Churches and Individuals)
- Romans through 18. Philemon
These are arranged by length, not date or importance.
- Romans is longest and doctrinally dense (Romans 1:16–17).
- 1 & 2 Timothy and Titus (called Pastoral Epistles) offer guidance on church leadership and doctrine.
d) General Epistles (Catholic Epistles)
- Hebrews (authorship debated)
- James
- 1 Peter
- 2 Peter
- 1 John
- 2 John
- 3 John
- Jude
These are written to broader audiences, dealing with faith, endurance, and false teaching.
e) Prophetic Book
- Revelation
- Written by John while in exile on Patmos.
- A highly symbolic vision of the end times, the return of Christ, and the final victory of God (Revelation 21–22).
4. Bible Versions and Canons
a) Protestant Bible 66 books
- Based on the Hebrew canon for the Old Testament.
- Deuterocanonical books (Apocrypha) are excluded.
b) Catholic Bible 73 books
- Includes Deuterocanonical books, such as Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, 1 & 2 Maccabees, etc.
- These books are found in the Septuagint (LXX), a Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures, used widely in the early Church.
- Protestants do not consider them inspired, as they were not part of the Hebrew canon and contain theological inconsistencies (e.g., prayers for the dead in 2 Maccabees 12:45–46).
c) Orthodox Bible 76–80 books (depending on tradition)
- Includes additional texts beyond the Catholic Deuterocanon.
5. Is the Order Important?
While the order helps readers navigate the storyline of Scripture from Creation (Genesis) to Consummation (Revelation) you are not required to read the Bible in that sequence.
- The Holy Spirit can lead believers to different parts at different times (John 14:26).
- Scripture is cohesive and Christ centered regardless of where you begin (Luke 24:27).
The Bible’s arrangement was designed to help us better understand God’s unfolding plan of salvation. It’s divided into books of law, history, wisdom, prophecy, gospel, letters, and apocalyptic vision all pointing to Jesus Christ, the Word made flesh (John 1:14).
Our Protestant Bible contains 66 inspired books. Other additions found in Catholic or Orthodox Bibles are not universally accepted due to questions about their inspiration and consistency with core doctrine.
“Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path.” Psalm 119:105 (ESV)
May the Lord bless your study of His Word.
Shalom.
Did the Lord Jesus Appear to Judas Iscariot After His Resurrection?
(A Theological Examination Based on 1 Corinthians 15:5)
A question often raised by Bible readers is this: Did Jesus appear to Judas Iscariot after His resurrection? This question usually stems from 1 Corinthians 15:5, where the Apostle Paul writes:
“…and that he appeared to Cephas, and then to the Twelve.”
(1 Corinthians 15:5, NIV)
Given that Judas Iscariot was originally one of the Twelve Apostles, it may seem puzzling at first that Jesus appeared to “the Twelve” even though Judas had already died by suicide (Matthew 27:5) before the resurrection occurred.
Let’s unpack this both theologically and biblically.
Understanding the Term “The Twelve”
In the New Testament, the phrase “the Twelve” (Greek: hoi dōdeka) functions as a title for the core group of apostles appointed by Jesus during His earthly ministry (Luke 6:13-16). It became a collective label, often used even when fewer than twelve were physically present (see John 20:24, where Thomas was absent, yet the group is still referred to as the Twelve).
Importantly, “the Twelve” does not always imply the literal presence of all twelve original members at every appearance or event. It denotes the apostolic office and authority, not just a headcount.
What Happened to Judas?
According to the Gospels, Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus and was overcome with guilt. In Matthew 27:5 (NIV), we read:
“So Judas threw the money into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself.”
His death occurred before the crucifixion was complete, and certainly before the resurrection. Therefore, Judas did not witness or partake in any post resurrection appearances of Jesus.
Why Does Paul Say Jesus Appeared to “The Twelve”?
Paul, in 1 Corinthians 15, is summarizing the resurrection appearances of Jesus to substantiate the truth of the Gospel. Here’s the passage in context:
1 Corinthians 15:3–6 (NIV):
3 For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures,
4 that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures,
5 and that he appeared to Cephas, and then to the Twelve.
6 After that, he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers and sisters at the same time…
This mention of “the Twelve” must then refer to the apostolic office after Judas’s replacement that is, after Matthias had been chosen.
Matthias Replaces Judas
The Book of Acts records how the apostles, under divine guidance, selected Matthias to replace Judas in the apostolic ministry:
Acts 1:24–26 (NIV):
24 Then they prayed, “Lord, you know everyone’s heart. Show us which of these two you have chosen
25 to take over this apostolic ministry, which Judas left to go where he belongs.”
26 Then they cast lots, and the lot fell to Matthias; so he was added to the eleven apostles.
With Matthias added, the apostolic number was restored to twelve. Therefore, when Paul mentions Jesus appearing to “the Twelve,” he is referring to this restored group, not to the original Twelve including Judas.
- Judas Iscariot did not see the resurrected Jesus. He died before Jesus rose from the dead (Matthew 27:5).
- The phrase “the Twelve” in 1 Corinthians 15:5 is a title referring to the apostolic group not a literal reference to the original twelve individuals.
- By the time of Paul’s writing, Matthias had been officially recognized as Judas’s replacement (Acts 1:26), and was likely included in the group referred to as “the Twelve.”
- Therefore, 1 Corinthians 15:5 is not a contradiction, but a theological and ecclesial recognition of the complete apostolic band, restored after Judas’s fall.
No, Jesus did not appear to Judas Iscariot after His resurrection. Judas was no longer among the living at the time of Jesus’ post resurrection appearances. The reference to “the Twelve” in 1 Corinthians 15:5 should be understood in the context of the restored apostolic circle, which included Matthias in place of Judas.
Maranatha The Lord is coming.
Understanding the Life of Jesus Before His Ministry
Praise be to our Savior Jesus Christ forever.
I invite you to explore the foundational truths about Jesus’ life before His public ministry a period that holds deep spiritual significance and lessons for us.
1) Jesus Lived a Life Pleasing to God and Man
Key Verse:
Luke 2:52 (NIV) “And Jesus grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.”
This verse shows Jesus’ full humanity, He grew physically (stature), intellectually (wisdom), and relationally (favor with others). , This highlights the doctrine of the Incarnation: Jesus was fully God and fully man (John 1:14). His life pleased God not because of supernatural works at this stage, but through faithful obedience, humility, and godly character, fulfilling God’s will perfectly in ordinary life.
God’s approval of Jesus here models the idea that holiness and pleasing God are not just about public ministry or miracles but consistent faithfulness in everyday life.
2) Jesus Was Obedient to His Parents
Key Verse:
Luke 2:51 (ESV) “And he went down with them and came to Nazareth and was submissive to them.”
Obedience is a key virtue, reflecting the order God established in creation (Ephesians 6:1-3). Jesus’ obedience even as the Son of God shows His perfect submission to God’s ordained authorities, modeling the ideal human response to authority. This obedience also prefigures His ultimate submission to the Father’s will (Philippians 2:8).
3) Jesus Loved Being in His Father’s House
Key Passage:
Luke 2:41-49 (NIV) Jesus stays behind in the temple at age 12, showing His devotion and understanding that God’s will is central to His life.
Jesus’ statement, “Didn’t you know I had to be in my Father’s house?” (v. 49) reveals His unique identity as God’s Son and His early awareness of His divine mission. It highlights the importance of spiritual formation and growth in the knowledge of God. This moment emphasizes the integral role of worship and study of Scripture in Jesus’ human development.
4) Jesus Was a Man of Prayer and Worship
Key Verse:
Hebrews 5:7 (NIV) “During the days of Jesus’ life on earth, he offered up prayers and petitions with fervent cries and tears to the one who could save him from death…”
Despite His divinity, Jesus fully experienced human weakness and dependence on the Father. His earnest prayer life shows His reliance on the Holy Spirit (Luke 4:1) and demonstrates the model of intimate communion with God that believers are called to follow (John 15:5).
5) Jesus Worked as a Carpenter
Key Verse:
Mark 6:3 (NIV) “Isn’t this the carpenter? Isn’t this Mary’s son and the brother of James, Joseph, Judas and Simon?”
Jesus’ work as a carpenter emphasizes His identification with ordinary human labor and the dignity of work. This counters any notion that holiness is separate from daily life and shows that God’s kingdom includes faithful work in everyday contexts (Colossians 3:23-24). His honest work and integrity foreshadow the righteousness that pleases God.
6) Jesus’ Teachings Reflect His Life
Examples:
- Love your enemies (Matthew 5:44 NIV) Jesus models radical love and forgiveness, highlighting the ethical demands of the Kingdom of God.
- Turn the other cheek (Matthew 5:39 NIV) Reflects humility and non retaliation.
- Purity of heart (Matthew 5:28 NIV) Emphasizes inward holiness.
- Forgiveness (Matthew 18:21-22
NIV) Shows mercy as central to God’s kingdom.
- Humility and gentleness (Matthew 11:29 NIV) Jesus invites us to learn from Him as the humble servant King.
These teachings illustrate Jesus’ role as the perfect fulfillment of the Law (Matthew 5:17) and the embodiment of God’s kingdom ethics lived out in practical ways.
Why Did God Delight in Jesus Before His Ministry?
Jesus’ life before His public ministry was characterized by:
- Obedience
- Humility
- Prayerful dependence on God
- Honest work
- Loving and respectful relationships
This holy lifestyle fulfilled the righteousness God required and prepared Him for the mission ahead.
Hebrews 1:9 (NIV) says:
“You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, your God, has set you above your companions by anointing you with the oil of joy.”
If we want to experience God’s power and blessing, we must imitate Jesus’ pre ministry life prioritizing holiness, faithfulness, and devotion to God in every part of life.
