As the book introduces itself—“Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, to the saints who are in Ephesus” (Ephesians 1:1)—it is evident that the Apostle Paul is the author of this epistle.
Paul wrote this letter while imprisoned in Rome (see Ephesians 3:1; 4:1; 6:20), making it one of his Prison Epistles, alongside Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon.
Though addressed to the church in Ephesus, many scholars believe that this epistle may have also been a circular letter, intended to be read in several churches in the surrounding region, due to the general tone and lack of personal greetings.
Structure of the Book
Ephesians contains six chapters, which can be divided into two major thematic sections:
1. Chapters 1–3: Theological Foundations—Our Position in Christ
These chapters focus on the spiritual blessings and identity of believers in Christ. Paul emphasizes what God has done for us through Jesus Christ:
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We are blessed with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly realms (Ephesians 1:3).
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We were chosen in Christ before the foundation of the world (Ephesians 1:4).
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We have redemption and forgiveness through His blood (Ephesians 1:7).
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God has revealed His mystery and purpose in Christ—to unite all things in Him (Ephesians 1:9–10).
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We were sealed with the Holy Spirit, who is the guarantee (Greek: arrabōn) of our inheritance (Ephesians 1:13–14; 4:30).
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Salvation is by grace through faith—not by works (Ephesians 2:8–9). This underscores the end of legalistic righteousness.
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We were once separated, but now reconciled to God and to one another—the dividing wall between Jews and Gentiles has been broken (Ephesians 2:14–16).
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We are fellow heirs and members of the same body (Ephesians 3:6).
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Paul prays that we may comprehend the immeasurable love of Christ and be filled with all the fullness of God (Ephesians 3:17–19).
These truths are meant to establish a believer in spiritual identity, security, and unity in Christ.
2. Chapters 4–6: Practical Application—Our Walk in Christ
This section deals with how believers should live in response to their new identity:
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Believers are called to live in unity and maturity (Ephesians 4:1–16), using their spiritual gifts to build up the Body of Christ.
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Paul urges us to put off the old self—corrupted by deceitful desires—and put on the new self, created after God’s likeness in righteousness and holiness (Ephesians 4:22–24).
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Instructions for Christian conduct:
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Speak truthfully and avoid falsehood (Ephesians 4:25).
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Be angry and do not sin; do not let anger control you (Ephesians 4:26).
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Do honest work and share with those in need (Ephesians 4:28).
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Use speech to build up, not to tear down (Ephesians 4:29).
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Do not grieve the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 4:30).
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Be kind, tenderhearted, and forgiving, just as God in Christ forgave us (Ephesians 4:32).
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Live in love, reject sexual immorality, impurity, greed, and crude speech (Ephesians 5:1–5).
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“For you may be sure of this, that everyone who is sexually immoral or impure… has no inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God” (Ephesians 5:5).
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Expose the deeds of darkness, and walk as children of light (Ephesians 5:8–11).
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Avoid drunkenness, and instead be filled with the Spirit, expressing worship through psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs, with thanksgiving (Ephesians 5:18–20).
Instructions for Relationships (Ephesians 5:21–6:9):
Paul addresses various relational responsibilities:
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Wives are to submit to their husbands as unto the Lord.
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Husbands are to love their wives as Christ loved the Church and gave Himself up for her (Ephesians 5:22–33).
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Children are to obey and honor their parents, with a promise of blessing (Ephesians 6:1–3).
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Fathers are to bring up their children in the discipline and instruction of the Lord (Ephesians 6:4).
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Servants (or workers) are to obey with sincerity, and masters (or employers) are to treat them justly, knowing they too have a Master in heaven (Ephesians 6:5–9).
Spiritual Warfare (Ephesians 6:10–20):
Paul concludes with a powerful metaphor of the Christian life as spiritual warfare:
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We fight not against flesh and blood but against spiritual forces of evil (Ephesians 6:12).
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Therefore, believers must put on the full armor of God:
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The belt of truth
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The breastplate of righteousness
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The shoes of readiness given by the gospel of peace
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The shield of faith, to extinguish the flaming darts of the evil one
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The helmet of salvation
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The sword of the Spirit, which is the Word of God (Ephesians 6:13–17)
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All of this is to be supported by constant prayer (Ephesians 6:18).
Paul ends with personal remarks, mentioning Tychicus, who would deliver the letter and inform the Ephesians about Paul’s well-being (Ephesians 6:21–22).
Conclusion and Theological Reflection
The Book of Ephesians offers a rich portrait of Christian identity and responsibility:
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The first half (Chapters 1–3) emphasizes what God has done for us in Christ—grace, redemption, unity, and spiritual inheritance.
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The second half (Chapters 4–6) focuses on how we should live in response—in holiness, unity, love, and spiritual strength.
Key theological themes include:
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Union with Christ
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Salvation by grace through faith
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The mystery of the Church
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The unity of believers
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Spiritual transformation
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Christian ethics
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Victory in spiritual warfare
As believers, we are not just saved for heaven, but for holy living now. The Christian life is not passive; it is a daily walk that must be lived in the power of the Holy Spirit, rooted in truth, love, and spiritual discipline.
“Walk in a manner worthy of the calling to which you have been called” (Ephesians 4:1).